Theories of Psychology
Psychological theories are the roadmaps of the human mind. They help us:
-
Explain why people behave, think, and feel as they do
-
Predict future behavior and mental processes
-
Design treatments for mental health disorders
-
Improve education, work performance, and social policies
From classical frameworks to modern neuroscience, theories remain the backbone of psychological science and practice.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Why are there so many psychological theories?
Are old theories like psychoanalysis still relevant?
What’s the most used psychological theory in therapy today?
How do psychologists choose which theory to use?
KEY TERMS
Behaviorism
Key Figures: John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner
-
Focuses on observable behavior, not internal mental states
-
Emphasizes learning through conditioning (classical and operant)
-
Applications:
-
Behavior therapy for phobias
-
Educational reward systems
-
Psychoanalytic Theory
Key Figure: Sigmund Freud
-
Explores unconscious motives, childhood experiences, and internal conflicts
-
Introduced concepts like:
-
Id, Ego, Superego
-
Defense mechanisms
-
Psychosexual stages
-
Humanistic Psychology
Key Figures: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
-
Highlights personal growth, free will, and self-actualization
-
Emphasizes empathy and unconditional positive regard
-
Applications:
-
Client-centered therapy
-
Positive psychology movements
-