Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition defined by periods (or episodes) of extreme mood disturbances that affect mood, thoughts, and behavior. There are two main types of bipolar disorders. Bipolar I disorder involves episodes of severe mania and often depression. Bipolar II disorder involves a less severe form of mania called hypomania.1 There is also a third type known as cyclothymic disorder.

Estimates suggest that around 4.4% of U.S. adults will have bipolar disorder at some point in their lives.2 Genetics are thought to play a significant role, although brain abnormalities and environmental factors also contribute as causes of bipolar disorder. Mood stabilizers are usually the first-line treatment, but electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used to address severe symptoms.

UNDERSTANDING ADDICTION

Understanding Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents

November 30, 2023 No Comments

Supporting a Loved One with Bipolar Disorder: Strategies for Caregivers

November 30, 2023 No Comments

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Is addiction a disease?

Addiction is a treatable, chronic disease that affects the brain’s reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry. Once the brain’s reward system has been impacted by the addictive substance or activity, it can trigger a behavioral and biological response that promotes repeated engagement in the addictive behavior despite harmful consequences.

What causes addiction?

People engage in potentially addictive activities to feel pleasure, and over time, the reinforcing effect of these activities may change brain chemistry to create an unconscious drive to continue the behavior. Multiple factors influence this process, including genetics, diet, mental health, past traumas, pain, stress, and stage of life.1

How can you break an addiction?

The first step in overcoming addiction is to desire change and avoid the people, places and things which promote the addiction. Support groups, mentors, and 12 step programs provide help, while counselors, recovery centers, and physicians provide expertise and medication to treat cravings and the effects of withdrawal. Eating healthy and getting exercise also play an important role in recovery.

Is addiction genetic?

A person’s genetics account for about half of their risk for developing an addiction. The impact of genetics is influenced by an interaction between a person’s environment, diet, and biology. Alcoholism, like other addictions, tends to run in families, and members of those families are at increased risk for developing alcoholism.

KEY TERMS

Substance Use Disorder

Substance use disorders are psychiatric conditions that involve the compulsion to use a drug or alcohol despite the development of adverse consequences. A substance abuse disorder diagnosis can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the number of diagnostic symptoms or criteria a person exhibits.

Behavioral Addiction

A behavioral addiction occurs when a pleasurable activity changes the brain and drives a person to engage compulsively in the activity despite harmful consequences. People can become addicted to activities like gambling, gaming, shopping, pornography, and even exercise. In some cases, people can experience withdrawal when they stop the behavior.

Intervention

An intervention is one of several strategies used to persuade an addicted person to get help for their addiction. Interventions are an organized attempt by family members or friends to confront a loved one about how their addictive behavior has affected them. Although commonly used, data on their effectiveness is lacking.

Comorbidity

Comorbidity refers to the presence of more than one distinct condition in an individual. A common example is when someone with a mental illness also has a substance use disorder. Neither condition causes the other, and successful treatment will often address both conditions at the same time. Comorbidity is associated with worse health outcomes and complex clinical management.